- 2008/08/27 Wed
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4.テレビ・ラジオ
●種類
テレビ・ラジオとも大きくNHKと民法に分けられ、NHKは各都道府県内に支局を置いています。テレビ・ラジオは他の報道メディアに比べ、情報の保存性に劣るものの、特にテレビ報道は実況中継など現場の声を伝えるために、インパクトが強く社会に与える影響が大きいと言えます。
テレビに関しては、民放は全国で122社、内5社のキー局と系列のテレビ局、系列を持たない独立UHF13局とに別れています。2003年12月より地上デジタルテレビジョン放送が始まり、現在親しまれている地上アナログテレビジョン放送が2011年7月24日で停波される予定です。
現在すでにGyaoやアクトビラがインターネットでサービスを供給し、NHKもアーカイブスと言ったサービス開始を予定しており、DVDソフトの低価格化、レンタルビデオの早期配信、 CATV（ケーブルテレビ）や衛星放送などが普及してきていることから、番組が今まで以上に多様化・専門化されるなど嗜好が変化しており、テレビ離れが始まっていると言われています。
ラジオに関しては、仕事や勉強をしながらの「ながら聴取」や、放送とFAXやメールなどによるリスナーとパーソナリティーとのコミュニケーションから、長時間聴取される事で、計画的に活用する事により、マーケティングや広報戦略に大きな効果を与える事があります。
●特徴
1：抜群の「速報性」と普遍的メディア
テレビ・ラジオの最大の特徴と言えるのは「速報性」です。最近では番組放送中に大きな地震を感知すると、「緊急地震速報」が視聴者に対して注意を喚起するなど、テレビ・ラジオは放送時間中であればいつでも視聴者に対し、最新情報を即座に伝えることができます。テレビで映像による報道がなされた場合には、その視覚による「迫真性」は他の報道機関と比べ大きく、情報伝達力とイメージ作りに関しては、極めて大きな効果を持つメディアといえます。
また、家庭でスイッチを入れれば、すぐに視聴できる手軽さから利用する視聴者も多く、日本人のテレビ平均視聴時間は平日3時間27分と長時間視聴が続いています（2005年NHK放送文化研究所「日本人の生活時間」より）。この事から、テレビから視聴者が受ける影響も大きく、人気番組やCMなどから発生する、さまざまな社会現象が認められます。
2：多角的な取材網の活用
NHKの場合は、各都道府県に支局を持ち、また新聞社と同様に自社記者取材が原則となっているため、各記者クラブに記者を配置するなど、ニュースの報道には新聞社に近い体制をとっています。
一方の民法は、自社記者の取材に加え、東京のキー局を中心にネットワーク網を形成し、情報の相互補完を行っています。このネットワーク網の系列は新聞社との系列化が確立しており、新聞社や通信社の情報も活用しています。
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