- 2008/12/24 Wed
- お仕事関連 > 変化する社会 > 何が求められてゆくでしょうか
1980年半ば頃まで、世界各国の自動車会社は一台の自動車を作るのに、エンジンから足回り、電装系まで一部例外はあったにせよ、ほとんどのパーツを内製していました。これはパソコンなんかも同じですね、CPUからメモリー、記憶装置まで一台の全てを一つのメーカーで作っていた事もありました。
一つのメーカーでデザインや仕様を決め、社内で全てのパーツを作り組み立てる。そんな垂直思考的な社会がそこにはありました、と言うかエンジンの周りの補器の位置や、それに伴うスペースから導き出される足回りの設計など、そのパーツ一つずつを擦り合わせして行きながらでないと、一台の完成度の高い車として製品化出来なかったのかもしれません。
だからか海外メーカーの車には、電装系が弱いとか、ミッションのシンクロがすぐに逝かれるとか、いわゆる都市伝説的な噂も上がる事がありました。これは全てドメスティックな環境で一台の車を作る、一種のローカルルールがまかり通っていたからでしょう。
オートバイでも同じような事がありました、メーカーで付けてくるパーツは品質が悪いし、整備で交換してもすぐに壊れるから国産の部品に交換しました。などなど枚挙にいとまがありません、これなどはローカルルールで作った部品を整備するのにも、ローカルルールが必要だっただけで、そこを踏まえて整備すれば、それほど頻繁に壊れる事もなかったのです。
それだからか、そこに気がつき整備するメカニックに仕事を頼むと、壊れにくい車やバイクが出来たわけで、このメーカーの車は○○に頼むと良い、など専門化・専業化していったわけですね。
これからの製造業は、どんな製品を作るようになるのでしょうか。やはりPCのように、CPUやメモリー、基盤からハードディスクと言った記憶装置まで、専業メーカーで作ったパーツを集め、水平分業されたパーツで出来た一つの製品にしていくのが主流になってくるのでしょうか。
車などは環境対策というキーワードが言われ続けてはいますが、いまだに内燃機関であるガソリンエンジンに変わる動力源がない事から、他メーカーとの差別化を必要とするプレミアムブランドでは、エンジンとボディを自社で作るのはしばらく続くのでしようが、コンシュマー向けのベーシックモデル向けのエンジンなどは、モジュール化され様々なメーカーで使われてくると思います。
特にこの先、燃料電池や電気自動車などが出てくると、設計の自由度が増し、パーツのモジュール化もしやすくなるので、この流れは一層加速するかもしれません。その内に現在のPCのように、パーツを指定して一台のお気に入りを作り上げるような車が出来るかもしれません、チューンナップも専門雑誌の広告に「モーターを東芝製・新幹線と同じモーターでトルクアップ」なんてコピーが踊る日が来るかもしれませんね。
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